Performing Arts > Dance > Tap
Tap Dance
Tap dance is a form of dance characterized by the use of the dancer’s shoes as percussive instruments. Shoes equipped with metal taps on the heel and toe strike the floor, creating rhythmic patterns of sound. This dance tradition is known for its intricate footwork, syncopation, and use of improvisation.
Historical Context
Tap dance originated in the early 19th century, influenced by both African and European dance traditions. African-American slaves used percussive dance forms to express rhythm and emotion, a tradition that was later integrated with Irish and British clog dancing and jigs, due to the mingling of different cultural groups in the United States. Over time, tap dancing evolved as a unique performance art, gaining popularity in vaudeville shows, Broadway musicals, and eventually in film.
Technique and Styles
Fundamental Steps
Some fundamental steps in tap dance include:
- Shuffle: A brush forward and back with the ball of the foot.
- Flap: A brush forward followed by a step.
- Cramp Roll: A combination involving steps and heel drops in a precise order.
Rhythm and Timing
Tap dancers emphasize rhythmic timing and often perform to various time signatures. Syncopation, or the placement of rhythmic accents where they wouldn’t normally occur, is a key feature of tap dancing. Tap dancers must have a strong sense of timing and rhythm, which often aligns with musical accompaniment or exists as a standalone percussive performance.
Improvisation
Improvisation, or “improv,” is another essential component of tap dance. It allows dancers to create spontaneous rhythms and patterns, showcasing their skill and creativity. This aspect of tap is often highlighted in solo performances where dancers personalize their routines.
Influential Figures
Throughout its history, tap dance has been shaped by numerous influential figures:
- Bill “Bojangles” Robinson: Known for his clean, clear tap sounds and for popularizing tap dance in the early 20th century.
- Gregory Hines: Hines brought tap to a new audience in the latter part of the 20th century with his charismatic performances and contributions to the modern tap scene.
- Savion Glover: A modern tap dancer known for his innovative style and contributions to bringing a renewed interest to the art form.
Tap Dance in Contemporary Culture
Today, tap dance continues to thrive, both in traditional forms and through new, innovative expressions. It has a prominent place in theatrical productions, musical films, dance competitions, and educational programs. Tap remains a dynamic and evolving art form that combines the kinesthetic joy of dance with the aural pleasure of rhythm and music. Tap dancers often blend elements of jazz, hip-hop, and other dance styles, creating hybrid performances that reflect contemporary cultural trends.
Overall, tap dance is not only an artistic performance but also a vibrant part of cultural history, embodying the rhythm and spirit of its diverse origins.